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FAQ
1.Main components of an energy storage system+
Main components of an energy storage system (ESS)
l Battery Module / Cabinet – The core unit for energy storage, responsible for storing and releasing electrical energy.
l Battery Management System (BMS) – Monitors voltage, current, temperature, and cell status to ensure safe and efficient operation.
l Power Conversion System (PCS) – Performs DC/AC bidirectional conversion, enabling power exchange between batteries and the grid.
l Energy Management System (EMS) – Provides system control, scheduling, and optimization for overall energy flow and operation strategy.
l Power Distribution and Protection Equipment – Includes circuit breakers, fire suppression systems, and monitoring systems to ensure safety and grid compatibility.
l Battery Module / Cabinet – The core unit for energy storage, responsible for storing and releasing electrical energy.
l Battery Management System (BMS) – Monitors voltage, current, temperature, and cell status to ensure safe and efficient operation.
l Power Conversion System (PCS) – Performs DC/AC bidirectional conversion, enabling power exchange between batteries and the grid.
l Energy Management System (EMS) – Provides system control, scheduling, and optimization for overall energy flow and operation strategy.
l Power Distribution and Protection Equipment – Includes circuit breakers, fire suppression systems, and monitoring systems to ensure safety and grid compatibility.
2.Which types of battery cells are used by RiTWIN?+
As a professional battery module manufacturer, RiTWIN Technology’s core strength lies in its battery expertise and extensive experience in multi-chemistry cell applications.
Ritwin has utilized a wide range of battery cell types, including:
l Li-ion Cells (Lithium-Ion / NCM / NCA)
l LFP Cells (Lithium Iron Phosphate)
l Lead-Acid Cells
l SIB Cells (Sodium-Ion Batteries)
l SSB Cells (Solid-State Batteries)
l LTO Cells (Lithium Titanate)
l Ni-MH Cells (Nickel-Metal Hydride)
l Alkaline Cells
Ritwin has utilized a wide range of battery cell types, including:
l Li-ion Cells (Lithium-Ion / NCM / NCA)
l LFP Cells (Lithium Iron Phosphate)
l Lead-Acid Cells
l SIB Cells (Sodium-Ion Batteries)
l SSB Cells (Solid-State Batteries)
l LTO Cells (Lithium Titanate)
l Ni-MH Cells (Nickel-Metal Hydride)
l Alkaline Cells
3.What should be noted during the daily operation of an ESS?+
l Maintain Proper Temperature
Ensure the system operates within the recommended temperature range — ideally between 20°C and 30°C.
l Avoid Frequent Deep Discharges
Keep the State of Charge (SOC) within the 20–80% range to extend battery lifespan and maintain performance.
l Regular Data Monitoring
Periodically review system monitoring data and check for any abnormal readings or alarm notifications.
l Ensure Safety and Cooling Systems Function Properly
Verify that the fire suppression and thermal management systems are functioning normally at all times.
Ensure the system operates within the recommended temperature range — ideally between 20°C and 30°C.
l Avoid Frequent Deep Discharges
Keep the State of Charge (SOC) within the 20–80% range to extend battery lifespan and maintain performance.
l Regular Data Monitoring
Periodically review system monitoring data and check for any abnormal readings or alarm notifications.
l Ensure Safety and Cooling Systems Function Properly
Verify that the fire suppression and thermal management systems are functioning normally at all times.
4.Common terminology in ESS+
l (SOC (State of Charge):
Indicates the remaining battery capacity as a percentage of its total capacity.
l SOH (State of Health):
Represents the battery’s overall health, showing the ratio of its current capacity and performance compared to a new battery (e.g., 90% SOH means 10% degradation).
l DOD (Depth of Discharge):
The percentage of energy discharged relative to the total battery capacity.
Deep discharges can shorten the battery’s lifespan.
l Cycle Life:
The number of complete charge–discharge cycles a battery can perform under specified conditions (often defined at a particular DOD).
l C-rate (Charge/Discharge Rate):
Defines the speed of charging or discharging relative to the battery’s rated capacity.
1C = fully charged/discharged in 1 hour
0.5C = in 2 hours
2C = in 0.5 hours
l BMS (Battery Management System):
The battery management system monitors voltage, temperature, and current, performs protection functions (overcharge, overdischarge, overheating), and manages cell balancing and communication.
l EMS, BMS, and PCS Relationship:
BMS: Manages individual cells and battery modules to ensure safety.
PCS (Power Conversion System): Controls DC/AC power conversion and bidirectional energy flow.
EMS (Energy Management System): The central control layer, coordinating BMS and PCS for optimized system operation.
Indicates the remaining battery capacity as a percentage of its total capacity.
l SOH (State of Health):
Represents the battery’s overall health, showing the ratio of its current capacity and performance compared to a new battery (e.g., 90% SOH means 10% degradation).
l DOD (Depth of Discharge):
The percentage of energy discharged relative to the total battery capacity.
Deep discharges can shorten the battery’s lifespan.
l Cycle Life:
The number of complete charge–discharge cycles a battery can perform under specified conditions (often defined at a particular DOD).
l C-rate (Charge/Discharge Rate):
Defines the speed of charging or discharging relative to the battery’s rated capacity.
1C = fully charged/discharged in 1 hour
0.5C = in 2 hours
2C = in 0.5 hours
l BMS (Battery Management System):
The battery management system monitors voltage, temperature, and current, performs protection functions (overcharge, overdischarge, overheating), and manages cell balancing and communication.
l EMS, BMS, and PCS Relationship:
BMS: Manages individual cells and battery modules to ensure safety.
PCS (Power Conversion System): Controls DC/AC power conversion and bidirectional energy flow.
EMS (Energy Management System): The central control layer, coordinating BMS and PCS for optimized system operation.
5.Where do the main benefits of energy storage come from?+
Main Benefits of ESS
l Peak Shaving and Load Shifting
Reduces contract capacity or peak demand charges by charging during off-peak hours and discharging during peak periods.
l Energy Arbitrage
Charges when electricity prices are low and discharges when prices are high to maximize economic return.
l Backup Power Supply
Enhances power reliability and prevents operational losses during grid outages.
l Participation in Energy Markets
Generates revenue through ancillary services such as spinning reserve and frequency regulation.
l Renewable Energy Integration
Addresses the intermittency of renewable sources and increases self-consumption of clean energy.
l Peak Shaving and Load Shifting
Reduces contract capacity or peak demand charges by charging during off-peak hours and discharging during peak periods.
l Energy Arbitrage
Charges when electricity prices are low and discharges when prices are high to maximize economic return.
l Backup Power Supply
Enhances power reliability and prevents operational losses during grid outages.
l Participation in Energy Markets
Generates revenue through ancillary services such as spinning reserve and frequency regulation.
l Renewable Energy Integration
Addresses the intermittency of renewable sources and increases self-consumption of clean energy.
6.What should be done when an ESS encounters an abnormal condition?+
Common Alarms:
l Overvoltage
l Undervoltage
l Overcurrent
l Abnormal Temperature
l Communication Failure
Handling Procedures:
l Minor Abnormalities
The system will automatically derate or shut down for protection.
Perform necessary inspection and troubleshooting, then restart the system after confirming safety.
l Severe Abnormalities
The system will enter protection mode and automatically cut off power supply.
Professional maintenance personnel must inspect and repair the system before reactivation.
l Overvoltage
l Undervoltage
l Overcurrent
l Abnormal Temperature
l Communication Failure
Handling Procedures:
l Minor Abnormalities
The system will automatically derate or shut down for protection.
Perform necessary inspection and troubleshooting, then restart the system after confirming safety.
l Severe Abnormalities
The system will enter protection mode and automatically cut off power supply.
Professional maintenance personnel must inspect and repair the system before reactivation.
7.What applications and operations can an ESS perform?+
l Peak Shaving and Load Shifting
Reduces contract demand charges by charging during off-peak hours and discharging during peak periods.
l Energy Arbitrage
Charges when electricity prices are low and discharges when prices are high to maximize cost efficiency.
l Backup Power Supply
Provides emergency power during outages to maintain operation of critical loads.
l Renewable Energy Smoothing
Balances the intermittency of solar and wind generation, improving renewable stability and utilization.
l Grid Ancillary Services
Supports frequency regulation, spinning reserve, and other real-time grid services to enhance power reliability.
Reduces contract demand charges by charging during off-peak hours and discharging during peak periods.
l Energy Arbitrage
Charges when electricity prices are low and discharges when prices are high to maximize cost efficiency.
l Backup Power Supply
Provides emergency power during outages to maintain operation of critical loads.
l Renewable Energy Smoothing
Balances the intermittency of solar and wind generation, improving renewable stability and utilization.
l Grid Ancillary Services
Supports frequency regulation, spinning reserve, and other real-time grid services to enhance power reliability.
8.What data are required for energy storage benefit evaluation?+
l Electricity Bills for the Past 12 Months
Including peak and off-peak consumption data and corresponding tariff rates.
l Load Profile Data
Recorded at 30-minute or 15-minute intervals, showing actual power demand variations throughout the day.
l Electricity Tariff Plan
The rate structure applied by Taipower, specifying the contracted demand and billing scheme.
Including peak and off-peak consumption data and corresponding tariff rates.
l Load Profile Data
Recorded at 30-minute or 15-minute intervals, showing actual power demand variations throughout the day.
l Electricity Tariff Plan
The rate structure applied by Taipower, specifying the contracted demand and billing scheme.
9.Common questions about EMS+
Q1: What is an EMS?
A1:
An EMS (Energy Management System) is the brain of the energy storage system, responsible for monitoring and controlling both the battery system and the PCS (Power Conversion System).
It automatically executes charging and discharging operations based on predefined strategies and system conditions.
Q2: What daily operations can the EMS perform?
A2:
Data Monitoring: View real-time parameters such as battery SOC, voltage, current, and temperature.
Strategy Configuration: Set operational strategies for energy arbitrage, peak shaving, or renewable energy priority usage.
Operation Modes: Switch between automatic, manual, or backup modes as needed.
Alarm Management: Receive and handle abnormal conditions such as overvoltage, overcurrent, or communication faults.
Q3: What should be noted when operating the EMS?
A3:
Ensure the system time and Taipower time-of-use tariff settings are configured correctly.
Do not modify BMS or PCS protection parameters without authorization.
Back up EMS configuration files regularly.
In case of abnormal conditions, check the alarm source first before performing any manual operations.
A1:
An EMS (Energy Management System) is the brain of the energy storage system, responsible for monitoring and controlling both the battery system and the PCS (Power Conversion System).
It automatically executes charging and discharging operations based on predefined strategies and system conditions.
Q2: What daily operations can the EMS perform?
A2:
Data Monitoring: View real-time parameters such as battery SOC, voltage, current, and temperature.
Strategy Configuration: Set operational strategies for energy arbitrage, peak shaving, or renewable energy priority usage.
Operation Modes: Switch between automatic, manual, or backup modes as needed.
Alarm Management: Receive and handle abnormal conditions such as overvoltage, overcurrent, or communication faults.
Q3: What should be noted when operating the EMS?
A3:
Ensure the system time and Taipower time-of-use tariff settings are configured correctly.
Do not modify BMS or PCS protection parameters without authorization.
Back up EMS configuration files regularly.
In case of abnormal conditions, check the alarm source first before performing any manual operations.
10.What is a “large electricity consumer”?+
Definition of large electricity consumers:
A Large Electricity Consumer refers to any user who has signed a power supply contract with Taipower and whose contracted demand is 5,000 kW (5 MW) or higher.
This category excludes government agencies, schools, hospitals, and other non-profit institutions.
The policy was officially implemented by Taiwan’s Ministry of Economic Affairs (MOEA) starting in 2021.
Obligations of Large Electricity Consumers:
l Compliance Period:
Large electricity consumers must fulfill their renewable energy obligations within five (5) years from the date of notification.
l Obligation Standard:
Each entity must install renewable energy facilities equivalent to 10% of its contracted capacity.
Example: A company with a 5,000 kW contract must install approximately 500 kW of renewable generation capacity.
Early-Bird Incentive Policy
l Entities that had already installed renewable energy systems before the policy announcement are eligible for up to a 20% deduction of the existing capacity.
l Completing the renewable obligation within three years grants an additional 20% reduction.
l Completion within four years qualifies for a 10% reduction.
Four Compliance Options for Large Electricity Consumers
l Install Renewable Energy Generation Facilities (e.g., Solar PV):
Required capacity = Contracted Capacity × 10%.
The system must be self-generated and self-consumed; it cannot sell electricity externally or feed into the grid.
l Install Energy Storage Systems:
Required capacity = Contracted Capacity × 10% × Minimum Supply Duration (2 hours).
The system must be used for self-consumption only and cannot participate in the electricity market or sell stored energy.
l Purchase Renewable Energy and Certificates:
Purchase certified green electricity and renewable energy certificates (RECs) such as T-RECs directly from licensed renewable energy suppliers.
l Pay Monetary Compensation:
If unable to comply through the above methods, the consumer must pay a compensatory fee, which will be allocated by the government to support renewable energy development.
Example Calculation:
Annual Fee = Obligated Capacity × (2,500 kWh per kW × Compensation Rate)
Typical rate ≈ NTD 4 per kWh (subject to official MOEA announcement).
A Large Electricity Consumer refers to any user who has signed a power supply contract with Taipower and whose contracted demand is 5,000 kW (5 MW) or higher.
This category excludes government agencies, schools, hospitals, and other non-profit institutions.
The policy was officially implemented by Taiwan’s Ministry of Economic Affairs (MOEA) starting in 2021.
Obligations of Large Electricity Consumers:
l Compliance Period:
Large electricity consumers must fulfill their renewable energy obligations within five (5) years from the date of notification.
l Obligation Standard:
Each entity must install renewable energy facilities equivalent to 10% of its contracted capacity.
Example: A company with a 5,000 kW contract must install approximately 500 kW of renewable generation capacity.
Early-Bird Incentive Policy
l Entities that had already installed renewable energy systems before the policy announcement are eligible for up to a 20% deduction of the existing capacity.
l Completing the renewable obligation within three years grants an additional 20% reduction.
l Completion within four years qualifies for a 10% reduction.
Four Compliance Options for Large Electricity Consumers
l Install Renewable Energy Generation Facilities (e.g., Solar PV):
Required capacity = Contracted Capacity × 10%.
The system must be self-generated and self-consumed; it cannot sell electricity externally or feed into the grid.
l Install Energy Storage Systems:
Required capacity = Contracted Capacity × 10% × Minimum Supply Duration (2 hours).
The system must be used for self-consumption only and cannot participate in the electricity market or sell stored energy.
l Purchase Renewable Energy and Certificates:
Purchase certified green electricity and renewable energy certificates (RECs) such as T-RECs directly from licensed renewable energy suppliers.
l Pay Monetary Compensation:
If unable to comply through the above methods, the consumer must pay a compensatory fee, which will be allocated by the government to support renewable energy development.
Example Calculation:
Annual Fee = Obligated Capacity × (2,500 kWh per kW × Compensation Rate)
Typical rate ≈ NTD 4 per kWh (subject to official MOEA announcement).
11.What should I do if the system encounters an abnormal condition?+
We provide original manufacturer warranty and maintenance services.
In the event of any abnormal condition, you may contact our customer service to report the issue.
Our technical team will assist with remote diagnostics, and on-site maintenance will be arranged if necessary.
In the event of any abnormal condition, you may contact our customer service to report the issue.
Our technical team will assist with remote diagnostics, and on-site maintenance will be arranged if necessary.
12.How long does the after-sales warranty last?+
The standard warranty covers the main system and control units for a period of 2 to 5 years, subject to the agreed service plan.
Battery modules are warranted for 8 to 10 years, or up to the defined number of charge/discharge cycles.
Ritwin also offers optional extended warranty services to meet customer requirements.
Battery modules are warranted for 8 to 10 years, or up to the defined number of charge/discharge cycles.
Ritwin also offers optional extended warranty services to meet customer requirements.
13.What does the operation and maintenance (O&M) service include?+
Ritwin offers comprehensive O&M services including periodic system inspections, performance optimization, firmware and software updates, and remote monitoring.
In case of any abnormal event, automatic alerts will be issued and qualified engineers will provide prompt technical support to ensure system reliability.
In case of any abnormal event, automatic alerts will be issued and qualified engineers will provide prompt technical support to ensure system reliability.
14.How is remote support conducted?+
Ritwin’s systems feature an integrated remote monitoring platform that enables engineers to access live system data, perform instant diagnostics, and resolve the majority of issues remotely, minimizing downtime and service response time.
15.Do I need regular maintenance?+
Regular maintenance by the user is not required.
Simply keep the installation environment dry, well-ventilated, and clean.
Scheduled inspections and maintenance will be carried out by qualified service personnel to ensure the system remains in optimal condition.
Simply keep the installation environment dry, well-ventilated, and clean.
Scheduled inspections and maintenance will be carried out by qualified service personnel to ensure the system remains in optimal condition.
16.Does the battery pack offer customized design options?+
Yes! We provide ODM, OEM, and contract manufacturing services.
17.What types of battery cells can be used to compose the battery pack?+
Lithium batteries, lithium iron batteries, solid-state batteries.
18.How are the safety certifications for the battery pack obtained?+
We can assist in obtaining certifications for the exporting country and provide consultation services related to safety regulations.
19.What is the origin of the battery cells?+
South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, China, Malaysia and Vietnam all have partner suppliers.
20.Where is the battery pack manufactured?+
Taiwan, China and Vietnam.